Использование орошаемых земель Республики Крым в условиях дефицита водных ресурсов

Abstract

The need for irrigated agriculture in the Republic of Crimea is due to the natural and climatic conditions of the territory, which are characterized by a moisture defi cit with a high level of heat supply. The purpose of the research: an analytical assessment of the current state of irrigated agriculture in the Republic of Crimea and the success of its further development and reproduction, taking into account the natural resource potential of the territory and the existing experience of positive and negative approaches to the use of irrigated lands. The object of research is the crop production system of the agro-industrial complex, the subject of research is agricultural production on irrigated lands. The research material was the data of statistical reporting of agricultural and water management organizations of the republic; publications on the results of theoretical study and practice of the use of reclaimed lands, which are in the open press; as well as the author’s own work. The methodological basis of the research was: information-analytical, systematic and comparative approaches; analysis, generalization and synthesis of the obtained data; statistical, expert and heuristic evaluations. The analysis of the development and effi ciency of agricultural production on the irrigated lands of the republic revealed signifi cant shortcomings in their use. Of the total area of irrigated land, about 24 thousand hectares are irrigated, i.e. no more than 5%, which is associated both with limited water resources and with depreciation of 80% of fi xed assets, lack of necessary sprinkler equipment, understaffi ng of pumping stations, etc. It is shown that the natural resource potential of the territory is not fully realized. The average yield of cereals and leguminous crops under irrigation can exceed the actual one by 1.5-2 times. An increase in the area of irrigated lands with unsatisfactory indicators of alkalinization has been established. The priority measures for rational water use in the reclamation sector of the economy of the Republic of Crimea are presented, including a set of measures f or the effective use of water resources of the territory, taking into account economic, social and environmental components. Its implementation is necessary regardless of the renewed supply of Dnieper water to the North Crimean Canal.