Реалії українського чорнозему: сучасний стан, еволюція, охорона та стале управління

Abstract

Goal. To present the results of research on monitoring, diagnostics, assessment of the current state, and study of directions of agrogenic evolution of chornozems of Ukraine to ensure their rational use and sustainable management. Methods: analysis, synthesis, theoretical generalization, expert, profile-analytical, cartographic. Results. The results of diagnostics and assessment of the current state of Ukrainian chornozems as a reference soil are presented. The characteristics of the agronomic properties of the studied soils according to the main agrophysical, chemical, and physicochemical indicators that determine their quality state are given. It is shown that the high level of agricultural development and plowing of the territory, and intensive unbalanced use of chornozems led to the development of many degradation processes, which requires the application of adapted measures for the preservation and effective use of soils. Currently, the ecological situation has worsened as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which led to the destruction of the soil cover and increased manifestations of mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological degradation. A map of the influence of armed aggression on the soil cover of Ukraine is presented. Conclusions. To preserve especially valuable chornozem soils and reproduce their fertility, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of priority tasks on the sustainable management of soil resources at the national level. During the military operations, the Ukrainian chornozem is subjected to a powerful impact and destruction, which requires the use of measures for the preservation and reclamation of soils, and assessment of the damage caused to the land fund. Sustainable, balanced management of chornozem soils should be considered as one of the components for achieving the goals of sustainable development of the country within the framework of the integration of the provisions of the Rio de Janeiro Convention into the national policy.