Религиозная веротерпимость как право и практика (в исламе и православии)

Abstract

The article analyzes the concept of religious tolerance in the context of the relationship be-tween its legal support and the practice of interfaith relations. Tolerance is viewed as one of the key principles of modern policy and practice of interfaith relations in the Russian poly-confessional religious community in close connection with the principles of freedom of con-science and confessional equality. The measure of religious tolerance is social loyalty and hu-manistic potential of a particular religious denomination. The historical origins of religious toler-ance in Islam and Orthodoxy, as well as pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern Russian models of interfaith relations and religious politics are investigated. The characteristic of the legislative base of the modern Russian model of religious tolerance is given. Tolerance as a norm of inter-faith relations is considered on three levels. At the level of individual religious behavior of be-lievers, religious tolerance is manifested as a loyal attitude towards non-believers and atheists. At the level of interchurch relations of confessions, tolerance is realized as an orientation towards the inter-confessional world, dialogue and cooperation of confessions in maintaining the socio-cultural stability of Russian society. At the level of the religious policy of a poly-confessional state, religious tolerance is viewed in the context of the flexible, situational implementation of the principles of freedom of conscience, confessional equality, as well as ensuring effective co-operation between traditional churches and the Russian state in improving the spiritual potential and social stability of Russian society. The authors state that religious tolerance is an ultimate principle for modern spiritual situation in the Russian Federation although there is not complete correspondence between its legislative declaration and the real practice of interfaith relations. The task of state policy in the field of religion is to optimize interfaith relations in the country, relying on the support and organization of effective dialogue and cooperation between church organizations of traditional Russian confessions, both at the regional level and at the level of their central, governing bodies.