Транспорт северных районов Дальнего Востока России: динамика в условиях шоков

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the transport complex of the northern regions of the Russian Far East during the period of negative non-economic shocks of 2020–2022. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was adopted as the object of the study, the work of transport of which was considered against the background of the general indicators of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation. The specifics of the passenger segment of the region are shown, manifested in a smaller rate of decline in traffic in 2020 and higher rates of their recovery in 2021 compared to the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District. This dynamics confirms the importance and lack of alternatives to public transport in ensuring the mobility of the population of the republic. Differences in the growth (decrease) rates of transportation in the cargo segment of transport of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Far Eastern Federal District are revealed, which are determined by the non-participation of the northern regions of the Far East in servicing the annually increasing flows of foreign economic cargo, which have a key impact on the formation of region-wide trends. The growth in the volume of work of the microregion’s transport is associated with the reorientation of Russia’s foreign trade to Asian countries and a change in the logistics chains of foreign economic interactions bypassing unfriendly countries. Changes in the conditions for the functioning of the transport complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are indirectly manifested in the formation of new projects for the development of transport infrastructure, creating alternative routes for entering the foreign market for manufacturers in the region (Elga – Chumikan railway), and in increasing the importance of infrastructure projects that minimize the use of overloaded facilities of the transport complex of the Far Eastern Federal District for intraregional transportation (railway bridge across the Lena River, Yakutsk – Magadan railway)