Фотосинтетична діяльність посівів сої на дерново-підзолистих ґрунтах Західного Полісся

Abstract

Formation of soybean sowings with the most developed leaf apparatus, which would be in the active state for a long time (maximal) both at the beginning and at the end of the growing season is an important prerequisite for high productivity of the crop. Aim of the study was to detect the effects of inoculation by preparation Legum Fix and foliar feeding by chelate microfertilizers Vuxal Oil Seed and Quantum-Oliyni on dynamics of leaf surface area and formation of photosynthetic potential of soybean varieties. Field studies were carried out on the basis of stationary rotation of the ALLC «Vasyuta» in the Kovel district of Volyn region. Field studies were carried out on soybean sowings varieties Cassidy (Canada) and EC Mentor (France). As result of conducted researches is established that the maximum sizes of the leaf surface of soybean crops was reached during the flowering period and at the beginning of beans formation, it decreased slightly in the phase of seed swelling, which, first of all, was caused by plants water availability, as lack of moisture led to suspension of plants growing processes and to weaken their photosynthetic activity. A larger area of leaf surface was formed by the early ripening variety EC Mentor, which, depending on variant of the experiment and period of plant growth, varied in the range of 21,5–45,7 thousand m 2 /ha. Fertilizing of soybean sowings by chelate microfertilizer Vuxal Oil Seed at the beginning and in full flowering (BBCH 60-66) with rate of consumption 2,0 l/ha and seed inoculation by Legum Fix in the day of sowing with dose 2,5 kg of preparation per 1,0 t of seeds contributed to formation of maximum assimilation surface of soybean sowings – 44,7 and 45,7 thousand m 2 /ha in varieties Cassidy and EC Mentor, respectively. Was noted, that during period of soybean varieties vegetation, the photosynthetic potential gradually increased and reached maximum values from the end of flowering phase to full swelling of seeds, further gradually decreasing from the phase of physiological maturity of seeds. Maximum photosynthetic potential of sowings - 2,450 and 2,445 million m 2 /ha, early ripening varieties EC Mentor and Cassidy were formed during period of flowering – full seed swelling with use of seed inoculation and fertilizing of sowings by chelate microfertilizer Vuxal.