노인요양병원 간호사의 죽음 인식, 영적 안녕과 임종간호 스트레스의 관계 연구

Purpose: This descriptive study was aimed at identifying the relations among geriatric nurses’ terminal care performance, death anxiety and self-esteem and the factors that affect nurses’ terminal care stress. Methods: Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire completed by 212 geriatric hospital nurses working in 10 hospitals in K city and B metropolitan city. Results: The survey results showed that the stress factors were terminal care performance and death anxiety. Significant predictors for termi nal care stress were death anxiety and terminal care performance. (And the higher the level of death anxiety and ter minal care performance were, the heavier the stress was.) These factors explained 32.5% of the variance in terminal care stress. Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that terminal care performance was an important factor of terminal care stress for geriatric nurses. Therefore, it seems that it is necessary to develop an educatio nal intervention program to improve nurses’ terminal care performance to reduce their terminal care stress.

Purpose: This study was performed to measure nursing professionalism, organizational communication, and intent to stay, and investigate the relationship among these three variables in geriatric hospital nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done with the participation of 195 nurses working at 23 geriatric hospitals in B city of Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Data were collected from January 19 to 25, 2018 using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS/WIN program. Results: The geriatric hospital nurses" scores for nursing professionalism, organizational communication, and intent to stay were relatively lower than those of general hospital nurses. Each of these three variables was differently perceived according to participants" general characteristics but there was a positive correlation between them. The factors influencing intent to stay were organizational communication, age and through newspapers/advertising (one of motivations for working at geriatric hospitals). These three variables explained 47% of intent to stay. Conclusion: To increase intent to stay in geriatric hospital nurses, nursing or hospital managers must develop and apply programs that help improve nurses’ professionalism and organizational communication. Especially geriatric hospital nursing managers should try to provide organizational communication enhancement programs for young and inexperienced nurses.

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the effects of attitude to death in hospice and palliative professionals on their terminal care stress, and to analyze relationships among variables related to the two aforementioned parameters, such as depression and coping strategies. Methods: Participants were 131 hospice and palliative professionals from the cancer units of two tertiary hospitals and two general hospitals, two hospice facilities, two geriatric hospitals, and two convalescent hospitals in J province. Data were collected from April through June 2015 and analyzed using t-test, factor analysis, ANOVA (Scheffe test), ANCOVA, and Pearson’s correlation and a path analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. Results: The score for attitude to death was low (2.63), and that for depression was 0.45. Among all, 16.0% of the participants showed need for depression management. They scored 3.82 on terminal care stress. The subcateg ory with the highest mark was inner conflicts on limitation given availability of medical services (4.04). The score on coping strategy was low (3.13). They used passive coping strategies such as interpersonal avoidance (4.03 ), fulfilling basic needs (3.65) such as sleeping or eating. Attitudes to death had a direct negative effect on the terminal care stress level and indirectly affected through depression and fulfilling basic needs (CS2). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide hospice and palliative professionals with education on death and dying, as well as acc ess to programs that provide emotional support and promote positive cognition of death and dying.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to understand the relation among fall knowledge, fall attitude, nursing environment and fall prevention activities in nurses who work at geriatric hospitals, and identify factors which affect on fall prevention activities. Methods: Using the convenient sampling method, the data were collected from nurses who had been working at 16 geriatric hospitals in D Metropolitan City for longer than three months. The collected data from 210 nurses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with Scheffė test and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 20.0. Results: Subjects’ fall knowledge and fall attitude turned out to work as relatively high influence factors. They perceived nursing practice environment as positive and highly involved in fall prevention activities as well. Geriatric hospital nurses who were older, married, paid better, more experienced in clinical environment and learned more about fall-related education were better at fall prevention activities. Fall prevention activities were significantly related to fall attitude and nursing practice environment. Under the control of individual characteristics among geriatric hospital nurses, Hierarchial Linear Regression revealed that fall attitude, wage and fall education hours worked as positive influence factors, however, nursing practice environment did not affect much. Explanation power of the variables were 30.4%. Conclusions: Based on the result of the study, an education program with sufficient hours to change nurses’ fall attitude needs to be developed, and a plan which will bring positive change in nursing practice environment needs to be sought to improve geriatric hospital nurses’ fall prevention activities. Key words: Accidental falls, Practice environment, Accident prevention

Background: In recent decades, spiritual well-being has gained fundamental importance in many healthcare environments. Spiritual well-being is important information about healthcare needs, allowing people to deal with mental stress. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the spiritual well-being of nurses working in Birjand University of Medical Sciences hospitals in 2022. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 354 nurses working in the hospitals of the University of Medical Sciences in Birjand City in 2022 were selected by proportional stratified random sampling, and they completed the questionnaire related to demographic information and the standard questionnaire of spiritual well-being. Data were analyzed by SPSS v26 software and ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, Pearson correlation, and chi-square at 0.05 significant level. Results: The mean age of the nurses participating was 35.76 ± 7.29 years, and the mean total score of nurses' spiritual well-being was 180.55 ± 16.95. Most of the people in the field of communication with God (78.5%), self (58.8%), others (75.1%), and nature (78.5%), and the total score (52%) were in the medium level of spiritual well-being. There was a significant direct correlation between all dimensions of spiritual well-being (P < 0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the mean score of spiritual well-being and age, employment status, and workplace hospital (zage = 7.76; z employment = 18.95; z workplace = 18.62; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering that the nurses were medium in terms of spirituality and spiritual well-being, it is suggested to hold educational workshops to improve the level of spiritual well-being of nurses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of death perception and terminal care stress on terminal care performance of nurses working in long-term care hospitals.Methods: The participants included 160 nurses working in 7 long-term care hospitals with more than 150 beds in Gyeonggi Province. Data collection was conducted from July 12 to August 13, 2021. The independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.Results: Of the participants, 126 (78.8%) were women, and 76 (47.5%) had a religion. The mean total clinical experience was 11.48±9.14 years; 80 (50.3%) participants had been involved in 1-18 terminal care nursing sessions, and 87 (54.4%) had been involved in terminal care nursing education. Gender (β=.17, p=.030) and positive death perception (β=.27, p=.001) affected terminal care performance.Conclusion: A professional and systematic terminal nursing care education program that can facilitate positive death perceptions of hospital nurses is needed, and it is necessary to prepare a specialized system that considers nursing hospitals’ characteristics. In addition, research on terminal care performance targeting male nurses in hospitals and the effects of the working environment and health care system of hospitals on the terminal care performance of hospital nurses is suggested.

Background and Purpose: Job stress is one of the factors in the development of psychophysical symptoms in nurses. It lowers performance in organizations. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and stress coping methods to deal with job stress in nurses working in hospitals.
 Materials and Methods: The study was carried out as a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. Totally, 285 nurses were randomly selected from Ardabil educational hospitals from ICU, CCU, EMS and infectious diseases wards. Data gathering tools were Standard questionnaire Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Well-being Scale, nursing job stress scale, and Billing and Moos Coping Strategies Scale. Statistical analysis used in the present study included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and analysis of variance. Subgroups were tested using LSD post hoc test. Independent samples t-test and ANOVA were also used to compare the groups (p <0.05).
 Results: The age group of 25 to 36 years were the most participants in this study. 68.4% of the participants were women and 31.6% were men. Most participants in the project were middle-income (48.4%) and very high-income (1.8%). The results indicated that income level, work shift, education, employment status, work record, and number of overnight shifts were significantly related to job stress (p<0.05). Among the different aspects of spiritual well-being, the highest mean score was obtained by religious aspect (32.47±3.42) followed by existential aspect (27.82±2.56). The highest level of job stress, according to the nurses, was about the fear of death (14.82±4.86) and heavy work load and pressure (13.85±3.63).
 Conclusions: Given the findings, there was a significant relationship between spiritual well-being and stress coping of nurses and alleviation of job stress in them. Therefore, using a health-oriented coping strategy and improving spiritual well-being and religious aspect in particular are essential.

The practice of mental health care performed by nurses in mental hospitals requires nurses to also provide spiritual care. Nurses who have a healthy spiritual state can certainly provide good spiritual care to their patient. Unfortunately, nurses admit that in practice, this spiritual element is often overlooked and not considered important in practice. This study aims to examine the health and spiritual well-being of mental health nurses working in mental health care facilities (hospital based). This research was a pilot study using Mix Method (MM), the design of this study was a sequential research design (Qual-Quant) between quantitative and qualitative study. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered survey and using the SHALOM (Spiritual Health and life orientation measure) instrument from Fisher which had a total of 22 questions. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, while qualitatively, the data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. A total of 22 mental health nurses participated in this research project. This number represents the nurses who work in all wards in mental hospitals. Researchers used the cluster sampling method to select participants who were given questionnaires and the snowball sampling method to find suitable informants to be interviewed. This research shows nurses expressing worship of the Creator (Mean = 4.54, SD = 0.59) as the most important thing in the ideal standard of health and spiritual well-being. Likewise, with daily life and practice (Mean = 3.81, SD = 1.68). Nurses assess their health and spiritual well-being were more determined by the transcendental domain, especially with religious rituals. This study concluded that nurses have a well-distributed state of health and spiritual well-being ranging from the personal domain to transcendence, with dominance in the transcendence domain.

This study examined the effect of a spirituality training program on the spiritual well-being, spiritual integrity, leadership practice, job satisfaction, and burnout of hospital middle manager nurses in Korea. In an experimental study with a two-group (experimental vs. control) design, participants were enrolled for 5 weeks, with 24 nurses in the spirituality program and 27 in the control group. After the spirituality training program, spiritual well-being, spiritual integrity, and leadership practice improved and burnout was reduced significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group. The program was effective in improving psychosocial and spiritual well-being of middle manager nurses. Thus, this program could be a resource for continuing education and staff development offerings to enhance the well-being of nurses and the spiritual care of patients.

Purpose Elders in hospital are at risk for falls. Thus, there is a need to identify geriatric hospital nurses' knowledge and attitude toward falls, and fall prevention activities, and factors which influence fall prevention activities. Methods Participants were 142 nurses from geriatric hospitals with more than 150 sick beds located in B city. Data were collected during August and September, 2012. The self-report questionnaires included questions on knowledge and attitude toward falls, and fall prevention activities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results Scores for knowledge, attitude and fall prevention activities were relatively high. In the relationships between knowledge, attitudes and fall prevention activities, knowledge about falls had no correlation with attitude or prevention activities, but a correlation was found between attitude and fall prevention activities. Factors influencing fall prevention activities were attitude toward falls (β=.34, p<.001), age (β=.21, p=.008) and having received fall prevention education (β=.15, p=.044). Conclusion Findings indicate that there is a need to implement education programs to improve nurses' attitude toward falls and fall prevention, and provide opportunities for frequent fall prevention training and education to increase the practice of fall prevention activities. 주요어: 지식, 태도, 낙상사고, 사고예방, 노인간호 Key Words: Knowledge, Attitude, Accidental falls, Accident prevention, Geriatric nursing

Geriatric Hospital Nurses' Perceived Barriers to Research Utilization and Empowerment

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the view on old age of nurses working at general hospitals, geriatric hospitals, oriental hospitals and public health centers. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 461 nurses working at 3 general hospitals, 8 geriatric hospitals, 7 oriental hospitals and 6 public health centers located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do from June 20 to September 6, 2012. Results: The mean score of the nurses' view about old age was 3.38 out of 5 points. The details show that the 'society character' was the highest at 4.58, followed by the 'capacity character' 3.94, the 'psychology-economical character' 3.02 and the 'physical-cognitive character' 2.71. As for workplace, oriental hospitals had the highest points on the view about old age, while geriatric hospitals had the lowest. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the nurses' view about old age were above the moderate level. As for workplace, geriatric hospital nurses had the lowest view about old age. Therefore, it is recommended to develop an educational program that may promote the nurses' view about old age and provide the better elderly care service.

Background and objectives: Nurses may experience a significant amount of occupational stress in work place and this challenging nature of their job affects their job satisfaction and spiritual wellbeing. This study is conducted in 2017 to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and spiritual well-being of nurses in Razi Hospital of Saravan. Method: This descriptive analytic study included 80 nurses in Razi Hospital, Saravan chosen by continent sampling method. Demographic information questionnaire, Nurse Stress Scale (NSS), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), and Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual well-being scale were used. Chi-square, one way ANOVA and Pearson statistical test were performed on the collected data using SPSS 23. Results: This study showed a significant negative relationship between occupational stress and not only job satisfaction (r=- 0.34, P=0.004) but also spiritual well-being (r=-0.58, P=0.000). No significant relationship was observed between demographic information and occupational stress. Conclusion: Results of current study stats that occupational stress is high in the nurses. Thus, it is necessary to think of methods to reduce occupational stress and the subsequent complications.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the correlation between the levels of spiritual well-being and spiritual nursing care of nurses for cancer patients and to provide baseline data for spiritual nursing care. Methods: In the study, there were 209 nurses involved who cared for cancer patients, and they were from Christian General Hospital in a city, Jeonju. Data were collected from September 17 to 30 in 2008 using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using research methods, including descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The mean score of spiritual well-being of nurses was 63.41±10.32 (range 20∼80) and that of spiritual nursing care was 26.96±7.05 (range 15∼60). There was a significant positive correlation between the spiritual well-being of nurses and their spiritual nursing care (r=.353, P=.000). Conclusion: The spiritual well-being and spiritual nursing care have a positive correlation. The level of spiritual well-being of nurses was relatively significant, whereas that of spiritual nursing care was relatively low. Therefore, it is recommended, for spiritual nursing care that nurses responsible for cancer patients should pursue more spiritual growth, attend church services regularly, and should further be educated in their care and responsibility. (Korean J Hosp Palliat Care 2009;12:72-79)Key Words: Cancer, Spiritual well-being, Nursing care서론 인간은 신체적, 정신ㆍ사회적, 영적으로 통합되어 상호영향을 주고받는 유기체적 존재이다. 영(spirit)은 육체에 생명을 불어넣어주는 숨결과 같은 것으로 인간의 내재하는 창조주의 모상(image)을 나타내며, 인간의 본질이 영적인 존재임을 제시하고 있다.

Purpose: This study was to identify the extent of and the relationships among self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress in clinical nurses. Methods: The subjects were 201 clinical nurses from three different general hospitals in B city. Data were collected from May 26 to August 9, 2012 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Sheff<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX> test, and Partial correlation coefficients. Results: The mean scores of self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress were moderate, 3.50, 3.58, and 3.44 respectively. There were statistically significant relationships between marital status, influence of religion, the number of night shifts per month, motives for choosing nursing as a career, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. Spiritual well-being was found to be significantly related to all participants' general characteristics, and job stress was significantly related to marital status and type of religion. There was a significantly weak positive correlation between self-efficacy and spiritual well-being, and a weak negative correlation between self-efficacy and job stress. There was no significant correlation between job stress and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: This study suggests that effective strategies to foster spiritual well-being is needed to enhance clinical nurses' self-efficacy, which should equip clinical nurses to better deal with job stress in their work places.