Гигантские клетки инородных тел и тканевые реакции на поверхности имплантатов

Abstract

The rewiev presents analysis of the literature data concerning the problem of tissue reactions on implantats with different properties. The main part contains the data about morphological and functional characteristics of foreign body giant cells (FBGC), mechanisms and regulatory factors of their formation. The published data show that on the border tissues - surface of implantats the unique medium is formed with participation and interactions of plasma and tissue proteins. The survival of cells on the surface of biomaterials depends on adhesive features of implanted material and absorbed proteins. The fusion of macrophages with the formation of GFBC occurs due to mоlecules of integrins family, and is followed by cytoskeleton modifications with the formation of specialized organelles - podosomes, is regulated by wide spectrum of cytokins (ILs, TNF and other) of lymphocytic and autologous origin. Lightmicroscopic criteria of GFBC evaluation are following: the number of cells, their size, shape, the number and location of nuclei, fuso-amitotic index(a ratio between the number of cells with signs of fusion and cells with amitotic morphology).