Ключові проблеми капіталізації банківської системи України та напрями її зростання

Abstract

The article is aimed at studying the current status, structure and dynamics of the main components of the capital of the banking system of Ukraine, the key problems that hinder the growth of its capitalization, and substantiating on this basis the key directions of further recapitalization of banks. The main problems associated with the process of capitalization of the banking system of Ukraine are defined as: insignificant absolute size and unsatisfactory dynamics of indicators of both the own and the regulatory capital of the banking system in general; unbalanced structure of the statutory capital of the banking system due to the dominance of banks with the State participation therein; non-investment structure of the equity of banking institutions, which is manifested in the dominance of its indicator of the statutory capital, the size of which in many banks exceeds the amount of equity; spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world, which forced the State, represented by the NBU and the Verkhovna Rada, to weaken the requirements for banks on the schedule of capital increase. The key directions of recapitalization of the banking system of Ukraine are proposed, which should be: gradual dissolution of the banking system by selling shares of State-owned banks to institutional investors (both residents and non-residents) in order to reduce the total share of the State in the banking system to the optimal level; measures aimed at increasing the profitability of the banking system, taking into account the fact that profit is a key source of rapid capital increase; restoration by the banking system in the medium term of planned tasks and schedule of capital growth, which is a prerequisite for its further successful development, growth and modernization.