Значення й методика розвитку активної та пасивної гнучкості в хореографії

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to consider, on the basis of many years of research into the problem of flexibility in sports, the significance and methods of developing active and passive joint mobility in dancers. Methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodological and special literature, the systematization of practical material, the study of a number of empirical studies in the theory, methodology and practice of sports and choreography. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the article is to substantiate the method of active and passive joint mobility development for dancers who are engaged in various types of choreographic art. Conclusions. Analysis of modern trends in the choreographic art development indicates an increase in the requirements for the manifestation of the dancer’s flexibility. To achieve a large range of joint mobility, various methods have been used, among which there are those that do not take into account genetic and age characteristics, the state of the musculoskeletal system and the early specialization of dancers and athletes. An adequate level of flexibility allows them to show an easy, free, easy execution of the composition, to show high coordination and general freedom of movement. On the other hand, inappropriate development of mobility of different joints complicates and slows down the process of mastering motor skills, leads to improper execution techniques, limits the manifestation of power and coordination abilities, reduces the efficiency of work, increases the likelihood of injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Flexibility is necessary not only as a biomechanical component of a rational exercise technique and an aesthetic component of performing skills, but also as a way to prevent injuries and disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Among the known methods of development of flexibility, there are: the method of dynamic (ballistic), static and mixed stretching, as well as the method of joint development of strength and flexibility. A detailed analysis of the proposed methods of developing flexibility, which are widely used in sports and are considered the most effective and least traumatic, suggests that they can be successfully used to develop active and passive mobility of different joints of dancers of different roles.