САНАТОРИЙ «УДАРНИК» В ЖЕЛЕЗНОВОДСКЕ: О ВЛИЯНИИ ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА АРХИТЕКТУРУ

Abstract

The provision of recreation to the working population was one of the main tasks that the government of the USSR had to solve already during the first years of the Soviet regime. In this regard, they prescribed a line of improvement concerning the state of health resort areas of the country. Large-scale realization of new holiday homes, health resorts and medical complexes had started in the areas, which were located along the Black Sea coast, and in the towns of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Design in resort areas was complicated by the presence of mountainous terrain and the special structure of historical buildings. A successful example of a medical facility in a resort city is the building of the “Udarnik” sanatorium, which was designed by Fomin I. A. and Roslavlev M. I. in Zheleznovodsk. The article is devoted to this building. The paper provides an analysis of the formation of the urban-planning situation that determined the location and shape of the design area. The initial and implemented schemes of planning organization of the health resort’s territory are analyzed. The influence of the historical context of the area on the volumetric solution of the structure is revealed. The relationship between the health resort and other significant objects of Zheleznovodsk is established. In the urban-planning decisions of «Udarnik», the authors managed to take into account the surrounding low-rise buildings and the significant height difference of the landscape.