АНАЛИЗ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ И СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ЛАНДШАФТА В ЦЕЛЯХ РАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ ЗЕМЛЕПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of the environmental sustainability and stability of the territory of the Omsk region using GIS technologies. The structure of the land fund of the region is dominated by agricultural land and forest land (respectively 53.8% and 41.9% of the total area). The share of the lands of settlements is slightly less than 2%. Industrial and other special purpose lands, specially protected territories and facilities, water resources and reserves amount to 2.6% of the territory of the region. Omsk region is divided into four natural and agricultural zones, differing in the structure of land categories (steppe, southern forest-steppe, northern forest-steppe and northern). In the steppe zone, the largest share is occupied by agricultural land, in the northern zone – the lands of the forest fund. The natural features of the zones have left their mark on the agricultural development of the territory. When moving from the north to the south of the region, there is an increase in the development of land. In general, in the Omsk region, the land fund is characterized by a high degree of development (63.4%) and plowing (44.3%). The high ploughing of the steppe zone (reaches 90.7%) enhances the processes of soil degradation here and worsens the hydrological regime, reduces the ability of natural landscapes to self-regulation. The indicator of water availability in the region (characterizes the ecological stability of agricultural landscapes) varies from 0.3% in the southern forest-steppe to 7.7% in the northern forest-steppe. In the steppe natural and agricultural zone of the Omsk region, the territory is mainly with unstable and unstable landscapes, in the zone of the southern forest-steppe unstable and unstable territory, in the zone of the northern forest – steppe - conditionally stable and medium-stable, in the northern zone pronounced ecological stability and stability of landscapes. The southern part of the Omsk region, where the agricultural sector is more developed, is experiencing significant overload when using land.