АТРИБУЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ У ФРАНКОВІЙ ПУБЛІКАЦІЇ«ПОЛЬСЬКА ПОЕМА ПРО УМАНСЬКУ РІЗНЮ»

Abstract

The article verifies the attributional hypotheses outlined in Ivan Franko’s publication «The Polish Poem about the Massacre at Uman» (1904), in which the Ukrainian writer and a doctor of philosophy firstly published from the list (handwritten copy) of 1840 a poem «Krótkie opisanie wierszem polskim nieszczęśliwej klęski w całej Ukrainie a najszczególniej tyrańskiej rzezi w mieście Umaniu...» («A brief description in Polish verses of the unfortunate defeat in the whole of Ukraine, and especially the tyrannical massacre in the city of Uman...») written by a student of the Uman Basilian school, a witness to the Haidamacks massacre of 1768. Ivan Franko prepared this work with textual commentary and afterword, which considered the poem in the context of two groups of Polish-language memoirs about this tragic event – Basilian (Greek Catholic) and Polish proper, and finally – some others. The first attempt to examine Ivan Franko’s attributional assumptions, expressed in the afterword, was made in 1938 by S. Ivanitskii in a review of the Polish-language memoirs on the Haidamacks uprising of 1768. The author of the poem identified himself with the initials M. D. Franko named him in the same manner. Recollections of S. Goszczyński and M. Czajkowski, as well as research works of E. Rulikowski and I. Shpytkovskyi, and especially the article of P. Kostruba allow us to find out his surname – M. Darowski (Darovskyi). Based on the assumptions of Ivan Franko and modern historian O. Kushnir, we conclude that Darowski’s poem was created in late 1772 – the first half of 1773. Rethinking the attributional assumptions made by Ivan Franko, it was found that he did not know the notes of the Basilian Ye. Korchynskyi (Korczyński), mistakenly attributed to him the notes of the nobleman Tuchapskyi (Tuczapski); denied the authorship of the real notes to J. Lippoman – the nobleman, local historian and archaeologist; instead, mistakenly attributed to him the notes of the Catholic monk-Piarist P. Mładanowicz, published in 1842 by E. Raczyński as anonymous. Trying to eliminate the seemingly «significant confusion» that «prevailed» in clarifying of the authorship and dating of «memoirs on the Uman massacre», I. Franko confused these issues with his hasty and unfounded suppositions about «pseudo-Lipoman», «real Lipoman», «False Tuchapskyi» (or «pseudo-Tuchapskyi»), moreover, presenting them as quite definite, correct. The analysis shows that the source studies, in particular written by Franko, should be «considered – in his words – using critical criteria». Presented in the paper source and textual remarks on Franko’s work «The Polish Poem about the Massacre at Uman», in our opinion, are necessary for its adequate perception and commenting, to avoid mistakes in quoting it and to understand the true authorship of the considered works by M. Darowski, P. Mładanowicz, J. Lippoman, Ye. Korczyński and Tuczapski.