Наукові підходи до визначення вразливості та виокремлення вразливих груп населення

Abstract

The article, based on the analysis of scientific sources and legal documents, summarizes the common modern scientific approaches to the definition of «vulnerability» and the identification of vulnerable groups. It is established that, depending on the field of scientific research, scientists have different approaches to defining the concept of vulnerability and the mechanisms of falling of individuals or groups of people into the category of vulnerable. Thus, for lawyers, vulnerability means the possibility of violating the rights of a certain category of people, for economists – getting into a situation where a person is limited in access to economic resources, which does not allow him to meet the «minimum level of quality of life». From the point of view of sociologists, vulnerability is inherent in individuals or groups that have certain socio-demographic characteristics or social status. For social workers, a sign of vulnerability is the presence of a difficult life situation. However, despite the diversity of scientific approaches to determining vulnerability, prevention of this phenomenon largely depends on the strategy and tactics of state regulation, on determining the priorities and directions of social policy adequate to the situation in our country, aimed at ensuring social protection and social security. Reforms, which are a necessary condition for stabilizing the development of society, should be aimed at increasing the level of social support, based on the needs (taking into account the income of recipients) and targeting (depending on social risks) in providing this support.