НЕМАТОПАТОГЕННЫЕ ГРИБЫ КАК ОСНОВА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МЕТОДА БОРЬБЫ С ГАЛЛОВЫМИ НЕМАТОДАМИ

Abstract

To manage root-knot nematodes growth oil steaming, formaldehyde fumigation and chemical nematocidal drugs are usually used. All these methods are not sufficiently efficient, because their effect is temporary, their use reduces the infectious load for only one season, significantly increases the cost of agricultural production and poses a risk to human health. The use of plant protection chemicals leads to increased environmental pollution, the accumulation of pesticides in soil, water and agricultural products, violations of the structure of agrobiocenoses and reduces its ability to self-regulation. In populations of phytopathogenic organisms resistance to pesticides increases and efficiency of their application decreases. To obtain environmentally safe crop production it is necessary to minimize the use of chemical plant protection products. Biological method of plant protection should be an alternative or addition to the chemical method, it is based on the use of different groups of antagonists, hyperparasites, predators, that are able to restrain the development of harmful organisms and maintain high quality products. This paper proposes to test the methodology of isolation and artificial infection by nematode-pathogenic fungi of root populations of root-knot nematodes, to investigate the possibility of applying nematode-pathogenic fungi against root-knot nematodes. To develop substrates for mass formulation (production) of fungi- parasites of root-knot nematodes. To determine the timing and rates of application of nematode-pathogenic fungi for effective control of root-knot nematodes. During the research work, a phytosanitary examination of greenhouses in the Tula region and the identification of root-knot nematodes infection sites were carried out. The nematodes and nematopathogenic fungi that were parasiting on them were isolated in pure culture. As a result, it was found that in protected soil it is possible to carry out sufficiently effective biological control over the development of populations of root-knot nematodes.