ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО ЛІТЕРАТУРУ ПОЛЬСЬКОГО ЗАРУБІЖЖЯ: КОНТЕКСТ, ХРОНОТОПНИЙ ВИМІР, ПЕРСОНАЛІЇ

Abstract

For the majority of emigrants, the objective problem of social adaptation, adaptation to a largely unusual new environment was objectively raised at first. The latter is often the result of the destruction of established stereotypes of behav- ior, the departure from the pre-existing outlook, the critical reappraisal of their own abilities, the loss of former illusions and the emergence of disappointments, as far from always the hope for a better share was fulfilled in full. The above-stated more applies to immigrants from the poor strata of the population of Poland, deprived of land allotments and guaranteed sufficient income at industrial enterprises. Their flow was directed mainly to the ocean: to Canada, the United States of America, partly to the countries of Latin America. But some part of their persistent efforts succeeded in engaging in agricultural labor on the land, or taking part in industrial or transport construction. Sometimes it was enough to make money, so that there was an opportunity to send children and grandchildren to study, to give them proper education so that in the future the content of their lives became intellectual work in various public and private institutions. Some of them, as experience shows, reveals the nature of the talent of a writer or poet, and in the literary skies of the host country there are the names of the masters of the word whose ancestors originated from Poland. The collection “After-September political emigration on the map of not only Polish culture” edited by Violetta Weiss- Milevska and Eva Rogalevskaya is available now for the purpose of reading the editions on Polish emigrant literature (in particular, by Maria Danilevich-Zelinskaya “Essays on emigre literature”, a studio on the anthropology of Polish emigra- tion of the twentieth century, “Excluded – emigration, the homeland”, actually V. Weiss-Milevskaya), in our opinion, are informative, observational and can serve successfully only for the first acquaintance with the names of the press of the foreign Polish writing, with the names of their individual works, the countries of their stay. Moreover, the main attention in the above-mentioned books is given to the illumination of the historical period after the Second World War. Unfortunately, we do not know the development of a critical direction, which would contain an analysis of the plots and artistic peculiarities of individual works of specific representatives of the Polish literary abroad. Moreover, the Ukrainian reader is, to the best of our knowledge, unfamiliar with the works that came out at different times from under their pen.