За традиционната лексикално- и граматикосемантична характеристика на частите на речта

Abstract

The paper presents an overview of the traditional differentiation among the major parts of speech. I place emphasis on some lexical semantic and grammatical semantic features mentioned in passing in the existing definitions as peripheral and insubstantial which may in fact form the basis for a new linguistically, logically and philosophically more adequate classification of the words classes in natural language. The major parts of speech are defined as mental concepts denoting a different number of semantic components: 1 for nouns, cardinal numbers and adverbs; 2 for adjectives and ordinal numbers; 4 for verbs. It is the semantic microelements that de-termine the number and type of morphological categories of the different parts of speech. The main criterion for the existence of a part of speech is for it to possess at least one morphological category that differentiates it from all others (a necessary corrective is the existence of at least a few simple, primary words within each part of speech).