ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЗАНЯТОСТЬ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ ПОСАДА ГОРОДА-КРЕПОСТИ ТЕТЮШИ В XVII ВЕКЕ

Abstract

This article describes the structure and dynamics of the population of the posad of Tetyushi, a fortress city, during the 17th century. The analysis is based on the materials of medieval censuses (data taken from the census books of 1646, 1656–1657, and 1678; all being stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Moscow). The social terms of that time (bobyli (‘landless peasants’), rybnye lovtsy (‘fishermen’), zakhrebetniki (‘scrounges’), etc.) were defined. The social spheres in which the residents were employed, with particular attention paid to fishing, crafts, and trade, were considered. The results obtained show that the population of Tetyushi included mainly posad and bobyl residents. Since the city and its district stretched along the Volga River, they were all mainly fishermen. Professions that supported the normal existence of the city and its fortifications were also in demand, as well as military service and small-scale commodity production. It was concluded that Tetyushi of the 17th century was both the military settlement and the economic center of the entire district due to the large number of posad people living here.