Формирование и развитие мусульманских благотворительных обществ в Крыму (в конце XIX – начале XX века)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the formation and development of charitable organizations of the Crimean Tatar people, whose main tasks were to combat poverty and illiteracy among the Muslim population in the Crimea in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The leading role of representatives of the Crimean Tatar intelligentsia in the development of charity is considered, with the help of which issues of an educational social and humanitarian nature, problems in the development of education and culture were solved. During the next meeting of the Tauride nobles in 1893, the well-known public and political figure Ismail Mufti-zade, the idea of the need for the Crimean Muslims to organize a charitable organization was presented. For this purpose, at the same time, 150 rubles were collected between the murzas, which served as the basis of capital. Ismail Mufti-zade drew up the «Charter of the Crimean Charitable Society in Simferopol for helping the Crimean Tatars in need», which was reviewed and signed at the Ministry of Internal Affairs on December 24, 1896. Crimean Charitable Society of Muslims in Moscow In Simferopol, «Dzhemiet Khayrie» was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Reports of the activities of the charity society after review and approval were sent to all the members of the society, and through the Taurida Governor and Trustee of the Odessa school district, was presented at the interior Ministry and the Ministry of national education. The charity society had its own seal and had the right to acquire and sell its own property on the grounds stipulated by law. According to the «Charter», the purpose of the society was to work in two main directions: social charity and charity education. In the first direction, the Society took care and helped the elderly and sick people from among the Crimean Tatars who were unable to work, and provided them with real material assistance. Russian Russian-Tatar schools, Russian classes at the existing mekteb and madrasahs, and placement of orphans and the poorest children in vocational schools were opened with the proper permission of the charity organization of the Crimean Tatars in the second direction. According to the «Charter», members of this society could be persons of both sexes, of all classes and ranks, except for underage students who were tainted by the court. The members of the society were divided into several categories: honorary members, full members of the society. The activities of the Muslim charity society in Simferopol are reflected in the reports of general meetings of different cities, which consider the positive aspects and shortcomings in the work of the society. At the beginning of the XX century. Charitable societies of Crimean Tatars were established in other cities of the Crimea: Yalta, Bakhchisarai, Kerch, Yevpatoria, Karasubazar, whose activities were aimed at solving social and humanitarian educational problems. With the beginning of the First World War, the financial situation of the Society deteriorated significantly, however, the needy Crimean Tatars continued to help receive financial assistance until 1920. With the establishment of Soviet power in the Crimea, charitable societies ceased to exist. The history of the creation and development of Muslim charitable societies in the Crimea is worthy of deep scientific research.