Abstract
Syrian refugees in Lebanon are a major challenge at the social, economic and psychological levels, in addition to the issue of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon in the wake of the Naksaa of 1948. The main hypothesis of this study is that the difficult circumstances experienced by the displaced may affect their personality traits. The sample consisted of 430 individuals, (n=204) Syrian refugees and (n=226) Palestinian refugees of both sexes. All the members of the sample responded to the Arabic Inventory of the Five Big Personality Factors. The inventory enjoys good to high alpha coefficients in both samples, and was administered by 15 social specialists during February and March 2022. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in neuroticism in both the Syrian and the Palestinian samples. Women’s mean scores were higher, while there were no statistically significant differences between the sexes on any of the other personality factors. Upon comparing the Syrian and the Palestinian samples on the personality factors, one statistically significant difference appeared in the neuroticism factor, where the Syrian mean scores were higher than those of the Palestinians, including the sexes. Calculating the correlation coefficients among the five factors, it was shown that the correlations in the Palestinian sample of both sexes were twice that of the Syrian sample of both sexes (10 to 5 statistically significant correlations). By conducting a factorial analysis of the correlations between the personality factors, two factors were extracted from the Syrian sample, labelled “Balanced Personality” and “Neuroticism vs. Extraversion”. In the sample of Palestine, one bipolar factor was extracted labeled “Stable personality vs Extraversion” Upon comparison with an Egyptian sample that lives in a stable environment, the factors of extraversion, conscientiousness in both the Syrian and the Palestinian samples were found to increase, which enables them to adapt to the current circumstances.
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