СНОВНЫЕ ПРИЧИНЫ ИЗБЫТОЧНОЙ СМЕРТНОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19

Abstract

Significance. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mortality rates in Russia. In order to objectively assess mortality, scientists propose to calculate and analyze the scale of excess mortality, which is a more comprehensive indicator of the overall impact of the pandemic on population loss compared to the number of deaths from COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to identify the scale of excess mortality in Russia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its determining factors. Material and methods. The information base of the study was made up of the Rosstat demographic statistics, as well as publications in the periodical press and the Internet. Within the framework of the study, methods of statistical analysis and empirical research (comparison), general logical and analytical methods were used. Results. Using a five-year average method, the scale of excess mortality in Russia was calculated and evaluated, as well its determining factors during the pandemic were analyzed. The distribution of excess mortality by gender, age and place of residence was implemented. The factors of both direct and indirect effects of the coronavirus infection on the excess mortality rate in the country were identified. The pandemic has intensified manifestation of factors that had been determining the mortality dynamics in Russia for several years. Among the latter ones are noncommunicable diseases (primarily, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, which increase the risk of severe COVID-19, as well as those conditions that have deteriorated due to the delayed or postponed care delivery during the pandemic) and external causes of death (depression, alcohol poisoning and drug abuse).