Ефективність застосування післясходових гербіцидів у посівах кукурудзи на зерно в Cхідному Лісостепу України

Abstract

Goal. To determine the effect of multi-component post-emergence herbicides with a wide spectrum of action on crop weediness and corn grain yield in the conditions of the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, analytical and statistical. Results. Annual cereal weeds predominated in number and raw mass of corn for grain crops, with dicotyledons annual and perennial species occupying the second and third positions, respectively. A decrease in the technical efficiency of post-emergence herbicides at high average daily air temperatures during the cultivation period was revealed. Thus, according to the results of the first accounting, the highest effectiveness in protection against cereal annual weeds was provided by the preparation rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron (61%), dicotyledonous annuals and perennials — topramezon + dykamba (83 and 53%, respectively). According to the second record, more effective control of the number of cereal annual weeds was in the versions rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron and nikosulfuron + rymsulfuron (respectively 61 and 61%), dicotyledons — rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron and topramezon + dykamba (87 and 90%). Topramezon + dykamba was the best against dicotyledonous perennial weeds. The total number of weeds was most controlled by rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron (61 and 65%, respectively). According to the records of the accumulation of raw mass by weeds, more improved control of annual cereal species was provided by rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron (74%) and nikosulfuron + rymsulfuron (75%), dicotyledons — rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron (99%) and topramezon + dykamba (99%), dicotyledonous perennials — topramezon + dykamba (77%). The total wet weight of weeds was better controlled by the herbicide rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron (80%). The highest level of increase in the yield of corn grain was obtained in the option of application of the herbicide rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron (2.72 t/ha). Conclusions. The use of the herbicide rymsulfuron + dykamba + nikosulfuron in corn crops in the phase of 4–5 leaves is promising for effective control of problematic weeds and ensuring an increase in grain yield in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.