해빙기 소비에트 정부의 중앙아시아 이슬람 정책의 특징 : 반-종교 캠페인(anti-religious campaign)’과 ‘반-제국주의 아젠다(anti-colonial agenda)’사이에서

Abstract

The Soviet government, which advocated atheism, is believed to have adopted consistently repressive policies against Islam. But in fact, depending on domestic and international circumstances, sometimes oppressed, sometimes formed a partnership with the Islamic communities. After the October Revolution, the revolutionary government implemented repression policies against religion in general. But as the war between Germany and the Soviet Union broke out in 1941, the Soviet government, which decided to draw the support of religious communities, tried to appease the Orthodox, Judaism, and Islamic communities.BR However, as the Cold War system was established, it led to different course of actions for different religions. In particular, after Stalin`s death, Khrushchev, who wanted to strengthen his power, launched a massive anti-religious campaign, denouncing Stalin’s appeasement policy on religion. The Orthodox Church was subjected to massive repression as part of this de-Stalinist movement. Judaism and Islam were influenced not only by this domestic situation but also by the external conditions set by the Cold War. The Jews of the Soviet Union were oppressed as Israel, as a new nation, took a pro-Western line. But the policy on Central Asian Muslims was that of relative appeasement.BR Moreover, the Thaw in the wake of Khrushchev’s coming to power was a time when the anti-colonial struggle in Asian and African countries came to fruition and became liberated from Western empires. Many of these new independent states were mostly Muslims. The Soviet Union, which wanted to bring them under its sphere of influence in the Cold War, used Central Asian Islamic organizations to smooth up the relations with former colonies believing in Islam. The Spiritual Board of Central Asia served as a spring board for the Soviet government in the course of strengthening relations with the newly independent Islamic countries. In return, the Soviet Muslims were allowed to relatively freely engage in religious activities.