Современное детство и дошкольное образование — на защите прав ребенка: к 75-летию со дня рождения Е.О. Смирновой

Abstract

Background. Xe relevance of the article is determined by the need to consider the socio-cultural situation of modern childhood and child subculture, as well as the need to Ynd ways to resolve the crisis of childhood. In a convergent environment of development and information socialization, the analysis of the role of game and toys, of watching animated Ylms and playing computer games in the development of a preschooler allows us to outline a strategy to overcome the crisis by modernizing the system of preschool education. Objective. Xe aim of the work is to analyse the scientiYc heritage of Doctor in, Professor E.O. Smirnova, in whose works an original concept of play activity and toys was developed. Xe concept considers play at preschool age in the conditions of modern childhood on theoretical, methodological and practice-oriented levels. Results. It is maintained that play is a source for autonomy and initiative of the child, indicating the development of personality in childhood. Xe characteristics of the children’s subculture, reZecting the crisis of childhood, are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the trends in the transformation of toys and the role of cartoons and computer games in a convergent development environment. Xe causes of the crisis of childhood are considered. Xese causes are associated with violation of the intermediary mission of an adult when transmitting socio-cultural experience, with break in motivation and modes of action of a child, with alienation of meaning in activity, with blocking creative independent activity and initiative of a child, with reduction of development to the “knowledge-ability-skill” learning paradigm. Xe goals and objectives of psychological expertise are deYned. Criteria for expert evaluation of toys and cartoons are developed. Xe requirements for computer games, reZecting the social demand for the content to provide developing, safe information environment, are formulated. Conclusion. Xe necessary condition for overcoming the crisis of childhood is the strategy of constructing a safe developing convergent environment for child’s mental development in preschool age. Xis strategy is based on the psychological examination of toys, cartoons, and computer games. Xe progress of personality development is determined by the support for the autonomy and initiative in typical activities of preschool age children: play, cognition, perception of animated Ylms in cooperation with adults and peers.