Динамика заболеваемости болезнями органов дыхания среди населения Российской Федерации в 2010-2022 гг.

Abstract

The article analyses the dynamics of the incidence of chronic bronchitis (CB), bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among the population of the Russian Federation in 2010-2022, both adults aged 15 and over and children aged 0-14 years. Despite the fact that the increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases (RD) in 2000-2021 was not the highest, compared with other classes of diseases, respiratory diseases currently remain the most common in the Russian Federation. In recent decades, the country has carried effective tobacco control measures, taking into account that tobacco is the leading risk factor for many RD, and adopted clinical guidelines for asthma and COPD. On the other hand, the pandemic of a new coronovirus infection COVID-19 in 2010-2021 significantly influenced the registration of newly diagnosed cases of COPD and BA, marking a sharp decrease in the incidence of registered COPD and BA. In general, for the period 2010-2022 there was a decrease in the incidence of chronic bronchitis and an increase in the incidence of asthma in the adult population. The incidence of CB and BA in the children's population has been steadily declining every year. Dynamics of COPD incidence in 2010-2022 adult population showed no significant trend. However, due to significant fluctuations in the incidence of COPD caused by the change in the statistical accounting of the nosology "other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" in 2014 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021, it is impossible to analyze the dynamics of the true incidence of COPD and BA in the study period.