Зміна соціальних ролей українського селянства внаслідок колективізації та Голодомору-геноциду 1932–1933 років

Abstract

The forcible collectivisation of Ukrainian peasant farms and the Holodomor caused by it, led to radical transformations of the social structures, which manifested themselves in the destruction of the Ukrainian peasants’ social roles established over the years and the imposition of new roles that corresponded to the interests of the totalitarian state. The article aims to assess the qualitative changes in the social roles of Ukrainian peasants in 1929–1933 due to the collectivization policy and the Holodomor-genocide crime committed by the USSR totalitarian regime. This goal was achieved using historical, historical-situational, historical-psychological, historical-chronological, and normative-value methods. As a result of collectivization and the implementation of the Holodomor crime of 1932–1933 by the communist regime, Ukrainian peasants were deprived of their traditional social, socio-professional, socio-moral and family roles. The roles of the peasant-owner and craftsman were destroyed, and instead, the role of the collective farmer was imposed – in fact, a lawless state serf. Part of the lower strata of the Ukrainian peasantry acquired new social roles of the “rural bureaucracy”, becoming one of the instruments of the establishment of the collectivization policy and, in general, the establishment of the communist regime in the countryside. There were significant changes in social roles in the Ukrainian peasant family: collective farm slavery caused the man (husband) to lose the role of breadwinner and the main support of the family, it was more difficult for a collective farm woman to fulfil the traditional social role of mother, Soviet schools destroyed children’s traditional moral and spiritual values instilled in the family, imposing the dominant roles of pioneers, leninists. The destruction of social norms and values by hunger, the fear of repression, and desire to avoid persecution caused the resolution of social role conflicts in favour of the totalitarian regime. The extended stay of Ukraine as a part of the Soviet state led to the establishment of changed social roles in subsequent Ukrainian peasant generations.