ПОЛІТИКА РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ВЛАДИ У ПИТАННІ БОРОТЬБИ З ДИТЯЧОЮ БЕЗПРИТУЛЬНІСТЮ В 1920 – СЕРЕДИНІ 1930-х РР.: ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ

Abstract

The aim of the work: to investigate the measures and results of the state's activities to overcome child homelessness in the 1920s – 1930s, to reveal the practical activities of the joint efforts of the state and the public in solving this issue. The research methodology was made up of general scientific principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity, and also used general scientific and special research methods. The application of the principle of objectivity made it possible to consider the subject of research taking into account the objective laws that determined the processes of socio-economic development of Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s. The principle of historicism made it possible to comprehensively analyze the problem chosen for research in its dynamics. The scientific novelty is represented by the analysis of the main forms, principles, most essential features and peculiarities of the functioning of the system of state assistance to children, measures to prevent the further increase in the level of child homelessness and crime, and their author's periodization was carried out. Conclusions. The situation that led to an increase in the number of homeless children in the 1920s and 1930s required the Soviet authorities to organize relevant state structures and take effective measures of a practical nature. In the Ukrainian SSR, issues of childhood protection and overcoming child homelessness were dealt with by specialized People's Commissariats of Education, Health Care, and Social Protection, as well as state commissions and public organizations. The rapid growth of child homelessness discredited and called into question the ideological principles of the Soviet government in the eyes of the population of the republics and the international community, forcing them to look for a way out of this situation. The elimination of the problem was hampered by the lack of a comprehensive approach, which would allow covering the entire range of tasks. The low organizational level of the low-level government apparatus did not lead to finding a proper and quick solution to the problem. These and other issues demonstrated the weakness of the Soviet state system, hindered the timely resolution of assigned tasks, which affected the solution to the problem of homelessness in general.