Неоднорідність умісту сполук азоту в деяких орних ґрунтах Лівобережного Лісостепу України

Abstract

Goal. To research the features of the spatial distribution of the content of nitrogen compounds (nitrate and ammonium groups) in arable soils of different genesis of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine and to substantiate the implementation of precision farming measures. Methods. Informational and bibliographic — for summarizing literary data and substantiating the need for conducting research; field — for breaking down a regular grid and taking soil samples; laboratory — to determine the content of nitrogen compounds; statistical and geostatistical — for mathematical processing of data and assessment of the reliability of the obtained data. Results. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the role of nitrogen compounds in plant nutrition was outlined, the heterogeneity of the content of agrochemical properties of arable soils, including the content of ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen, was analyzed. It was confirmed the existence of heterogeneous distribution of nitrogen compounds content in the spatio-temporal continuum during the observation period. It was established that the nitrate form of nitrogen has a quantitative advantage in the soils of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, which differ in species composition, compared to the ammonium form. The important role of the granulometric composition of soils in the spatial distribution of the content of nitrogen compounds was noted. It was established that nitrate nitrogen compounds are more dynamic compared to ammonium compounds, which makes it possible to carry out diagnostics and recommend the implementation of precision farming measures based on the content of nitrate nitrogen. Conclusions. Changes in the spatial structure of the distribution of ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen at both production objects were recorded during the observation period. It has been proven that the supply of soil with nitrogen is determined by the presence of heterogeneous landforms and, to a lesser extent, by the genetic composition of soils. It was established that nitrogen nitrate compounds are more unstable in space and time during the observation period compared to ammonium compounds. On the basis of geostatistical data processing, the existence of heterogeneity in the content of nitrogen compounds in the studied soils was confirmed. It was established that nitrate compounds are more unstable in space and time during the observation period compared to ammonium compounds, which makes it possible to recommend the implementation of precision agriculture measures, in particular, differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers, precisely on the basis of diagnostics of nitrate nitrogen content in soils. Over time, this will allow to equalize the level of soil fertility for the nutrition of agricultural crops in order to obtain stable yield.