Глобальні соціальні ризики у сфері праці: брак гідної зайнятості в Україні

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of decent employment in Ukraine in the context of global social risks in the field of labor. Based on the generalization of approaches to understanding global risks, the concepts of decent work, and sustainable human development, the lack of decent employment is considered one of the manifestations of the crisis in the field of employment, which is characterized by wage stagnation, the growth of unemployment and underemployment, geographical or sectoral mismatches between the demand and supply of labor force etc. The purpose of this article is to study decent employment in Ukraine in the context of global social risks in the field of labor, to identify the main problems that cause a lack of decent employment, the solution of which is necessary to ensure sustainable human development and post-war recovery of the country, to realize the prospects of European integration. The scientific novelty of the study is the substantiation of the methodological approach to the study of decent employment in the context of global social risks in the field of labor based on the analysis of such components as inadequate employment, forced underemployment for economic reasons, and informal employment. To achieve the defined goal, the following research methods are applied: comparative and statistical analysis of data, graphical method of presenting results — for quantitative assessment and research of decent employment; methods of system approach, logical analysis, induction and deduction, generalization and analogy — when substantiating and developing a methodological approach to the study of decent employment in Ukraine in the context of global social risks in the field of labor. On the basis of national data on labor statistics from statistical observations of enterprises, as well as a sample survey of the workforce, the dynamics of inadequate employment, forced underemployment for economic reasons, and informal employment were analyzed, in particular at sectoral and regional levels. It has been established that the main problems that cause a lack of decent employment in Ukraine are: an increase in inadequate employment with low wages in agriculture, forestry, and fishing, as well as in the field of providing services, information, and telecommunications; high level of forced underemployment in industry and increased loss of working time despite overcoming the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; lack of choice at the lower level of entering the informal labor market for rural women, young people, and people of retirement age.