Структура и нейрометаболический потенциал микробиоты кишечника у здоровых детей разного возраста

As Kovtun,Ov Averina,Vn Danilenko,Gp Kostyuk,Eu Poluektova

doi:10.24075/brsmu.2020.076

Abstract

Recently much attention is paid to investigation of the gut microbiome impact on children's mental health. The study was aimed to detect alterations in the taxonomic composition and content of bacterial genes encoding key enzymes involved in the metabolism of neuroactive compounds in the metagenomes of healthy young children and adolescents. The whole metagenome sequencing was used to obtain the metagenomic data of the faecal specimens. The bioinformatics algorithm developed and the catalogue of homologs created were used to identify the changes in abundance of bacterial genes and metagenomic signatures in the studied metagenomes. The core neurometabolic signature of the healthy children gut microbiota included the Bacteroides uniformis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lachnospiraceae bacterium species, as well as genes involved in production of acetic, propionic and butyric acids, glutamate and enzymes possessing antioxidant activity. Comparison of metagenomes in children of different age groups revealed significant (p < 0.1) changes in the average abundance for 3 bacterial genera and 18 species. The higher alpha diversity of the adolescents’ microbiota was observed both at the genus and species level. Furthermore, in the adolescents’ microbiota metagenomes the increased average relative abundances for the genes encoding enzymes involved in production of SCFAs, glutamate, tryptophan and compounds with antioxidant properties, histidine degradation and linoleic acid conjugation were observed (p < 0.1). The study results support the evidence that healthy gut microbial communities become more diverse and functional as their human hosts become older.

Highlights

Much attention is paid to investigation of the gut microbiome impact on children's mental health
The previously constructed reference catalogue of gene homologs involved in the various neuromodulators metabolism has been expanded by adding genes, which encode enzymes involved in the new compounds production and the various neuroactive metabolites destruction [9, 15]
In order to study the possible mechanisms of the human gut microbiota impact on the early childhood neurostructural and neurocognitive development in healthy children, we focused on the group of bacterial genes encoding the enzymes involved in metabolism of neuroactive compounds, which correlate with dysregulations resulting in neurometabolic disorders and depression

Summary

Introduction

Much attention is paid to investigation of the gut microbiome impact on children's mental health. The core neurometabolic signature of the healthy children gut microbiota included the Bacteroides uniformis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lachnospiraceae bacterium species, as well as genes involved in production of acetic, propionic and butyric acids, glutamate and enzymes possessing antioxidant activity. In the adolescents’ microbiota metagenomes the increased average relative abundances for the genes encoding enzymes involved in production of SCFAs, glutamate, tryptophan and compounds with antioxidant properties, histidine degradation and linoleic acid conjugation were observed (p < 0.1). Целью данной работы было определить изменения в таксономическом составе и содержании бактериальных генов, кодирующих ферменты, участвующие в метаболизме нейроактивных соединений, в метагеноме микробиоты кишечника детей младшего и подросткового возраста. В результате построена коровая нейрометаболическая сигнатура кишечной микробиоты здоровых детей младшего возраста, включающая в себя виды Bacteroides uniformis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii и Lachnospiraceae bacterium и гены, участвующие в образовании уксусной, пропионовой и масляной кислот, глутамата и ферментов с антиоксидантной активностью. Ключевые слова: микробиота кишечника, ось кишечник-мозг, метагеномные сигнатуры, развитие нервной системы, нейроактивные соединения Финансирование: исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ, No 20-14-00132

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