ОЦЕНКА УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СОРТОВ ЗЕМЛЯНИКИ К БОЛЕЗНЯМ И ВРЕДИТЕЛЯМ В ПРЕДУРАЛЬЕ БАШКОРТОСТАНА

Abstract

When growing strawberries, the susceptibility of plants to diseases and pests is of particular importance. The article presents the results of the study of varieties of garden strawberries for resistance to pests and diseases in the growing seasons of 2017-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. The research was conducted in the Kushnarenkov breeding center of the BNIISKH. The material for the study was 26 introduced varieties of wild strawberries of domestic selection. As a control, the zoned variety Orletz was taken. Diseases and pests have a negative effect, reducing the yield of the current and next year. Of particular relevance is the cultivation of varieties with complex resistance to diseases and pests. The degree of harmfulness of pathogens depends on the genotype of the variety and varies with the weather conditions of the growing season. At high humidity and moderate temperature, favorable conditions for the development of diseases arise. The varieties Duet, Rosinka, Slavutich, Solovushka, Naidena, Osokoryanka, and Pervoklassnitsa showed resistance to white and brown leaf spots over the years of study. The group of resistant varieties to gray rot includes the varieties Darenka, Duet, Emelya, Mishutka, Rosinka, Slavutich, Solovushka, Studencheskaya, Troitskaya, Urozhainaya TSGL, Feierverk (yield losses of less than 10%). The varieties Duet, Dewdrop, Studentskaya and Solovushka showed a stable character of resistance to diseases. Low humidity and high temperature lead to an increase in the number of pests. During the study period, the least damage to the raspberry - strawberry weevil was caused by the Bova variety and the control Orlet variety (about 16% of the buds). In arid conditions, strawberry mite populations are small. Signs of stability of the studied varieties can be used in further breeding of strawberries in the conditions of the Pre-Urals of Bashkortostan.