Abstract
Visual information plays an important role in listening comprehension. However, most listening tests are conducted as audio-based assessment, which undermines the validity of listening assessment. In order to improve the authenticity of listening assessment, this study attempts to apply virtual reality technology to listening testing to allow examinees to have a sense of presence as if they are in the site of communication and look at whichever direction they desire. Listening assessment tasks that differ in input and expected response depending on the type of virtual reality technology are developed. In addition, validation procedures are developed using the argument-based approach to discern whether the use of virtual reality listening test results is appropriate. For each step of inference, a warrant licensing the inference, the assumptions that the warrant entails, and backing are presented.
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