Abstract
This research draws upon Karl Polanyi's concept of “substantivism” in economics and explores the internal and external categories of the Oroqen community in China, including the internal exchange between the Oroqen people and its natural and social environment, as well as the transaction between the Oroqen people and its external social environment. The description of “exchange” and “transaction” in the thesis includes an exploration of the exchange of hunting, dowry, and bridal gifts as well as exchanges primarily with “gods”, and the commercialization of their hunting products and hunting tools. The purpose of the description is to recognize and distinguish between the internal and external aspects of the community.
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