ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ АМОРТИЗАТОРОВ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТИПА ДЛЯ ДЕМПФИРОВАНИЯ РЕЗОНАНСНЫХ КОЛЕБАНИЙ В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАШИНАХ

Abstract

Introduction: Many vibration transport and technological machines (VTTM) such as conveyors, screens, crushers, etc. operate in a high-frequency mode, or above resonance. Resonance occurs during machine start and slowdown, resulting in sharply rising values of the amplitude and velocity of oscillations. Resonance affects VTTMs adversely due to increased dynamic loads reducing machinery operating life and reliability and causing the noise. Purpose of the study: We aim to provide a theoretical substantiation for the possibility to apply automotive shock absorbers to VTTM oscillatory process control and develop an example of practical implementation for such a device. Methods: The method of controlling oscillatory processes in VTTMs lies in the use of dual-mode shock absorbers. In the operating mode, shock absorbers offer minimum resistance to motion. In the resonance mode, resistance increases, therefore, the amplitude decreases to a predetermined value. Results: We simulate the VTTM oscillatory process in order to determine the characteristics of a damping device, which ensures the suppression of resonant oscillations but does not affect the vibration operating process. We propose a new technical device implementing the required oscillation characteristics. The device is made in the form of a hydro-pneumatic shock absorber, similar to automotive shock absorbers in terms of design. Such a design makes it possible to offer slight damping of the machine’s useful (operating) vibration, but, at the same time, damping increases significantly in the case of resonant amplitudes. The originality of our study lies in the development of a new type of hydraulic shock absorber, for which a utility model patent has been obtained. The scientific novelty of the study is in the mathematical description of oscillation damping with the new shock absorber, in the development of software for oscillatory process analysis according to the developed mathematical model, and in the results of computer simulation for shock absorber operation.