Abstract
Currently, surgical treatment aimed to exclude the malignant ovarian tumors is performed in almost 90% of patients with decidualized endometrial cysts (DEC). However, unnecessary surgical interventions increase the risk to maternal and fetal health. The study was aimed to perform a differential diagnosis of DEC in pregnant women in order to define the rational treatment. A total of 82 female patients were included in the study: 63 had endometrial cysts (EC), 16 had DEC, 3 had rare forms of endometriosis, and 10 had ovarian serous papillary borderline tumors. When performing the diagnostic ultrasound, our proposed model was used. The ultrasound imaging data obtained were juxtaposed with the concentration of the protein tumor markers (СА-125), the risk of malignancy index (RMI) was calculated, and the morphological assessment of the masses was performed. The ultrasound imaging parameters, being the most valuable for differential diagnosis of EC, DEC, and serous borderline tumors, were as follows: the altered mass wall thickness, the existence and shape of papillary masses, avascular echogenic inclusions with blurry contour, blood circulation and arrangement of blood vessels, ascites. The frequency analysis revealed the differences between groups based on the ultrasound imaging data (in 60–100% of observations). Histological examination revealed the differences between groups in 100% of observations. Our findings have made it impossible to prolong pregnancy in patients with DEC without performing surgery. The results of treatment provided to patients with DEC during pregnancy were worse compared to those in patients with no prominent decidualization in ovarian EC. Today, the diagnosis of DEC and the treatment of patients during pregnancy remain unsophisticated. Further clinical observation and the search for more reliable methods of the diagnosis and rational treatment of pregnant women with DEC are required.
Highlights
The study was aimed to perform a differential diagnosis of decidualized endometrial cysts (DEC) in pregnant women in order to define the rational treatment
Exclusion criteria: pregnant woman's refusal to participate in the study; threatened abortion; intrauterine infection; prenatal injury identified before the study
Ultrasonography showed that in the majority of observations in group 1, endometrial cysts (EC) (n = 63) were small, located inside the ovaries, with smooth outer and inner contours, the cyst content was of moderate or high echogenicity, blood vessels were visible in the walls
Summary
И. Кулакова, Москва, Россия 4 Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А. И. Евдокимова, Москва, Россия 5 Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова, Москва 6 Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. В настоящее время при наличии децидуализированных эндометриоидных кист яичников (ДЭК) хирургическое лечение для исключения злокачественных опухолей яичников выполняют практически в 90% случаев. Целью исследования было провести дифференциальную диагностику ДЭК у беременных для определения рационального лечения. Особо ценными УЗ-параметрами при дифференциальной диагностике ЭК, ДЭК и пограничных серозных опухолей были: измененная толщина стенки образования, наличие и форма папиллярных образований, аваскулярные эхогенные включения без четких контуров, кровоток и расположение сосудов, асцит. Полученные результаты не позволили нам пролонгировать беременность при ДЭК без выполнения хирургического лечения. Результаты лечения пациенток с ДЭК во время беременности были хуже таковых без выраженной децидуальной трансформации ЭК яичников. Необходимы дальнейшие клинические наблюдения и поиск более надежных способов диагностики и рационального лечения беременных с ДЭК.
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