Abstract
The article provides a scientific analysis of the categories of guilt and responsibility, taking into account the approaches formed in linguistics, sociology, psychology and jurisprudence. It is noted that the concepts of guilt and responsibility, as phenomena filled with specific historical content and character, are polyscientific categories and are the subject of research in many sciences: psychology, jurisprudence, history of philosophy, sociology. The article examines the main theories of deviance that formulate the conduct of a subject deviating from the normal: the economic theory of deviance, the theory of heterogeneity and variability of the normative value system of society, the theory of social destabilization and the theory of stigmatization. In addition, within the framework of the studied phenomena from a legal point of view, statistical data on the crime rate in the Russian Federation, conducted on a sample of different periods, are provided. In conclusion, the article concludes that the subject builds his own line of behavior in society based on an internal attitude, an available alternative, freedom of choice, guided by his own desires and interests. And if such a choice is made towards deviant behavior, then such a fact inevitably mediates the process of the offender's legal responsibility from a socio-legal point of view and the individual's suffering of guilt from a psychological point of view.
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