Метод макромікроскопічного препарування для встановлення фетальної анатомічної мінливості структур пахвової ділянки

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine a more sophisticated method of the most rational sequence of actions of dissection of the fascia, muscles, vessels and nerves of the axillary cavity in human fetuses in order to obtain standard results suitable for comparison in the age aspect. Materials and methods. The study of fetal anatomy of the structures of the axillary area was performed on 25 preparations of 4-10-month human fetuses of 81.0-375.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length using macromicroscopic dissection. Results and discussion. The axillary area is characterized by age and individual anatomical variability of the muscles that form its walls, fascia and cellular spaces, as well as vascular and nervous formations that pass in it, which is a common cause of complications during surgery. To study the fetal anatomical variability of the components of the axillary area, the algorithm of anatomical dissection of fascia, muscles, lymph nodes, blood vessels and nerves of the axilla in the human fetus is of priority importance. Adherence to the sequence of actions during the anatomical dissection of the components of the axillary area provides not only high representativeness and scientific value of the results, but also the rational use of biological material. The delta-thoracic sulcus fossa and the beak-shoulder muscle can be used to determine the topography and projection of the vascular nerve trunks of the axillary area. The obtained data on the variant anatomy of the pectoralis major and anterior dentary muscles, as well as the widest back muscle are consistent with the studies of individual authors. The study of the structure and topography of fascia, muscles, lymph nodes, nerves, arteries and veins of the axillary fossa in human fetuses from a macroscopic point of view in modern anatomy remains relevant and promising because micro- and ultramicroscopic anatomy does not provide a comprehensive answer and does not fully reveal the versatility of fetal anatomical variability, in the study of which the algorithm of anatomical dissection of the constituent formations of the axillary area becomes a priority. Conclusion. The projected and tested method of dissection of fascial-muscular and vascular-nervous formations of the axillary area in human fetuses provides a standard for obtaining data on their typical, individual and age anatomical variability. The order of actions used during the dissection of the muscles that form the walls of the axilla, fascial-cellular formations, vessels and nerves, as well as axillary lymph nodes in human fetuses preserves the naturalness of the appearance and relationships between the structures of the object of study. Macromicroscopic preparation revealed fetal anatomical variability of muscles, arterial and venous vessels and axillary nerves