Системне професійне мислення майбутнього вчителя: педагогічні умови формування досвіду критичного мислення

Abstract

The article discusses pedagogical context as a determinant of the internal processes of critical thinking and a set of organized circumstances, sufficient conditions of the educational environment that guide its development as systematic, logical, creative and ethical. 1. Priority of individuality. It is viewed as actualization of the student’s intellectual potential by means and techniques that develop the practice of critical thinking, while taking into account the fact that: intellectual potential is not subject to alignment «to the average»; formed cognitive schemes can prevent new ones; development is limited by the lack of practical experience. 2. Creativity as a permanent characteristic of the process. This is the students’ awareness of critical thinking as creative, aimed at developing a new state of the system, the search for effective mechanisms, functions, elements, reconstructions. It includes the separation of the process of generating ideas from their discussion and critical analysis; the use of associative, metaphorical teaching methods. 3. The formation of non-linear, strategic thinking leads to the avalanche-like development of the full potential of thinking, to the formation of a holistic vision of a scheme, model, procedure. It includes tasks of the following types: cross-cutting throughout the course with gradual complications (problematic, logical ascending, concentric ones); systematic and logical (a purpose-oriented, functional, motivational fixation); a series of tasks. 4. The environment of «good questions» provides the formation of the experience of problem thinking, the thinking of a tactician. These are the skills of asking questions that lead to the production of ideas, vision of problems, or new things in the typical; formulating focused questions and understanding the asked ones, which help to determine a new direction of the analysis. 5. The learning environment for the development of metacognitive skills that is a project, procedural, corrective and result reflection, implemented as a systematic procedure that ensures self-direction, self-correction and self-motivation of cognitive actions. Keywords: systemic professional thinking, critical thinking, nonlinear thinking, critical thinking of the future teacher.