Тактика ведения и принципы нутритивной терапии недоношенных детей на педиатрическом участке

Abstract

The advancement of perinatal care and neonatal technologies has led to an increase in the premature infant survival rate, including those with very low (birth weight less than 1500 g) and extremely low birth weight (birth weight less than 1000 g). At the same time, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and a number of chronic diseases, that worsen the future life quality, form in premature infants in the neonatal period. Such diseases in premature infants as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral ischemia, intraventricular hemorrhages, retinopathy of prematurity, hearing disorders are accompanied by early and long-term complications and require multidisciplinary specialized care at all stages of child development. The disability risk in extremely premature infants reaches 50% and largely depends not only on therapeutic measures in the neonatal period but also on medical and rehabilitation care in infancy. The premature infant management after hospital discharge at the pediatric department is the most important stage of nursing, which continues after two in-patient stages (Intensive Care Unit and Department of Pathology of Premature Infants). KEYWORDS: premature infants, extremely low birth weight, very low birth weight, intraventricular hemorrhages, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral palsy, nutritional therapy, formula for premature infants, pediatric department, outpatient follow-up stage. FOR CITATION: Fedorova L.A. Patient management and principles of nutritional therapy in premature infants at the pediatric department. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(1):64–70 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-1-10.