Экспортная специализация топливно-энергетического комплекса Дальневосточного федерального округа: влияние санкционных ограничений

Abstract

The article considers the role of the eastern vector of supplies in Russia’s foreign energy strategy. It is shown that the strengthening of the priority of the development of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Far East. The share of the Far Eastern energy recourses in Russian export flows increased. The share of the Far East in Russian energy export to the countries of NEA-3 where from 28.6 to 52.8% in 2021. Three main periods of sanctions restrictions on the Russian fuel and energy complex were distinguished: 2014–2016, 2017–2021 and 2022. The 1st period characterized by deterioration in access to technologies for the development of unconventional oil. Within the 2nd period, existing sanctions were expanded and restrictions to Russian pipeline projects were added. The 3d period characterized by sanctions on all sectors of the fuel and energy complex, an embargo on the supply of Russian energy resources, affecting the supply and maintenance of equipment under current contracts. The scope of the sanctions of the NEA-3 countries varied. Japan has joined the sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union in the financial and economic, trade, technological, and transport sectors. The Republic of Korea has joined the sanctions in financial and economic areas. China has not officially joined the sanctions against Russia, but complies with the restrictions imposed by the United States, the violation of which implies the imposition of secondary sanctions. The dynamics of exports of Russian energy resources in 2022 for the main commodity items of the fuel and energy complex is analyzed on the import statistics of the NEA-3 countries. It is shown that there was a decrease in demand for Russian oil due to the refusal of large oil and gas companies of the NEA-3 countries from spot purchases, a reduction in oil supplies to Japan and the Republic of Korea due to the shutdown of the «Sakhalin-1» project, demand for coal had a multidirectional character (reduction of exports to Japan, growth to China and the Republic of Korea)