Оценка как состояние: предикативы с семантикой времени (пора, время, рано, поздно)

Abstract

The article examines the statements extracted from the Russian National Corpus with such predicatives as pora, vremya, rano, pozdno in combination with the infinitive. These statements combine the semantics of temporal evaluation and state, which is facilitated by the interaction of their lexical and grammatical elements. In the course of the work, it has been found that the predicates of the temporal evaluation are reflected in the dictionaries inconsistently and fragmentarily, that they have not received sufficient coverage in the scientific literature. As the result of the analysis based on the theory of categorical situations (A. V. Bondarko), the prerequisites for the realization of the values of the state and the temporal evaluation, their combination have been revealed. For the semantics of evaluation, it is important to have a gradation series, a relationship with the norm in the lexical meaning of predicates, the inclusion of an actional infinitive in the construction, two-subjectness (the subject of evaluation / perception and the subject of action), and the difference between modal-temporal plans. For the semantics of the state, signs of static, internal perceptual, uncontrollable, temporal limitedness of the ‘state of affairs’ have been noted, which are transmitted in impersonal-predicative constructions and actualized due to the lexical meaning of time in the words of the category of state. The differences from constructions that convey the semantics of a temporary state and from statements that represent an emotional evaluation have been fixed.