Композити як засіб створення експресивності та їх функціювання в англійськомовних текстах

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of lexical expressiveness and composites as a means of its actualization. A distinction is made between different approaches to understanding the category of expressiveness, including stylistic, pragmatic, functional, and semantic ones. Among the main types of lexical expressiveness in the English language, inherent and adherent expressiveness were distinguished. Attention is paid to the correlation of neutral and expressively marked vocabulary in the modern English language. The vocabulary selected in the study includes lexical units of different parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs), since the phenomenon of expressiveness is not determined by belonging to a certain part of speech, and almost every unit can acquire an expressive tone. It was determined that the formation of language units with inherent explicit expressiveness is facilitated by composition. Special attention is paid to the model of composition of neutral nouns that is the most productive among expressive composites. The peculiarity of this model realises when compound the bases of words, not their neutral meanings, but their secondary ones, which have historically developed from the main meanings through metaphorization, metonymization, and partial de-semantization, are often realized. That is why compound nouns are characterized by their high stylization, their emotional and expressive character is emphasized. Adherent expressiveness of words is formed on the basis of metaphorization. Expressiveness can vary depending on the area of knowledge and communication situation, as well as depending on the type of text. Adherent expressiveness is predominant in modern English. It is confirmed that the adherent and inherent expressiveness of journalistic and fiction works are clearly expressed with the help of expressively marked lexical units.