ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ РЕЛОКАЦІЇ БІЗНЕСУ: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ОСНОВИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of business relocation by economic entities in modern conditions. Four forms of business relocation are identified, namely: domestic, international partial, and full, and the peculiarities of their implementation by companies of different sizes are revealed. Theoretical concepts namely neoclassical, behavioral, and institutional localization theories that explain the reasons for business relocation are summarized. Authors provide the key factors consolidating with named theories: internal, external factors, and market/location factors. As well metrics that can be used to assess the relevance of the selected relocation model are given. The authors characterized the motivations for business relocation by summarizing them into seven contextual groups. Also, the new motivations as agglomeration and war conflicts are proposed to be considered. The article emphasizes the correlation of motives and types of relocation with relevant investment strategies, on the basis of which the authors proposed a generalized model "Relocation – Investment Strategy" that could be implemented by companies of any size. It is substantiated that TNCs prefer international full relocation, while in the activities of SMEs dominate internal partial relocation. At the same time, the motives for relocation, as well as the investment strategies that ensure its physical implementation, are the same both for TNCs and SMEs. Also, the specific features of business relocation by Ukrainian enterprises are highlighted: it is determined and substantiated that relocation processes in Ukraine are characterized by specific motives, and the relocation model itself has conceptual differences from the one common in the world economy: there is used the state-private partnership model, grant and informational support both by governments and international organizations.