СУЧАСНА МІЖНАРОДНА ГУМАНІТАРНА СИСТЕМА: ДИНАМІЧНІ ЗМІНИ В УМОВАХ ПОГЛИБЛЕННЯ ГУМАНІТАРНИХ КРИЗ

Abstract

The main factors contributing to the spread of humanitarian crises in the modern global economy are highlighted, including conflicts, climate change, and socio-economic instability. It is argued that conflicts are rapidly spreading and intensifying worldwide between various countries, resulting from the escalation of contradictions and the intensification of rivalry among major powers. The most dramatic manifestation of geopolitical confrontation has been the war on the European continent. It is identified that climate change, as a factor of humanitarian crises, manifests in the reinforcement of anthropogenic influence and the increase in environmental crimes, and in the proliferation of extreme weather events and natural disasters leading to numerous human casualties and material losses, as well as in the failure of climate change mitigation policies by governments and major companies. Significant influence on the deepening of humanitarian crises is provided by socio-economic instability, resulting from inequality, internal conflicts, low levels of socio-economic development in countries, etc. These factors create an extremely complex contemporary humanitarian landscape. The spread of humanitarian crises ensures a continuous increase in the demand for humanitarian assistance. The contemporary international humanitarian system is a network of entities providing responses to humanitarian crises in accordance with the principles laid down in UN General Assembly Resolution 46/182. The scale of modern humanitarian assistance is analysed based on indicators of the number of countries and the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance. It is found that the main part of the financing of international humanitarian assistance is provided from the budgets of donor countries, with the United States remaining a leader among them. It is determined that russia's war against Ukraine has caused a severe humanitarian crisis, resulting in the largest migration flows of refugees and internally displaced persons. The existing system of international humanitarian assistance has encountered certain problems in its provision, as international humanitarian organizations working in Ukraine during the early stages of the war demonstrated insufficient preparedness and ineffective planning, and as a result, were unable to provide rapid infusion of resources to strengthen and expand existing local response mechanisms. Key words: international assistance, international humanitarian system, humanitarian assistance, crisis, humanitarian crisis.