Эстетика раннего французского романтизма и ее литературные ипостаси. Жермена де Сталь

Abstract

The article reconstructs the early romantic philosophical aesthetics of Madame de Stael, which was embodied in her literary work. She made a significant contribution to the creation of the theory of romanticism, compared the romantic and classical types of creativity. De Stael was one of the first French romantics to use the term “romanticism”, define it and analyze from a philosophical and aesthetic point of view a number of key concepts for this new direction of artistic life: love, passion, enthusiasm, spirituality, sensitivity, reflection, self-reflection, melancholy, self-sacrifice, loneliness, alienation, imagination, inspiration, imagery, aesthetic pleasure, taste, talent, genius, ideal. She conceptualized the trend that would become prevalent in mature romanticism — a combination of the incongruous, sharp contrasts and tragic collisions of opposite principles — the sublime and the low, the beautiful and the ugly. De Stael attached particular importance to the national characteristics of artistic creativity, its rootedness in popular culture, and the influence of social institutions on art. She made a significant contribution to the development of aesthetic aspects of literary theory, put forward an innovative thesis about the “metaphysical” language that distinguishes the romantic style. The aesthetic vector of de Stael is directed to the future associated with the development of romantic art. All these ideas were reflected in her literary works.