Аэробная твердофазная ферментация отходов птицефабрик как элемент функционирования устойчивой продовольственной системы

Abstract

Within the framework of the study, the possibility of accelerated processing poultry waste and packaging material (cellulose) was studied, the operating parameters of technological processes were determined, and the safety indicators for the products obtained were substantiated. The physicochemical composition of the poultry manure was studied: the mass of dry fraction 26.98 ± 0.30%; pH 7.4 ±0.30; organic carbon content 38.0 ± 0.80%; mass fraction of total nitrogen 2.37 ± 0.24%; ammonium nitrogen 0.87 ± 0.10%, total phosphorus 1.31 ± 0.13%, and total potassium 0.56 ± 0.06%; their discrepancy with the recommended values of the basic parameters for the successful biothermal processes was established. The study of the indicators for microbiological and parasitic purity established the excess of the indices of coliforms (1000) and enterococcus (1000) in the original material, as well as the presence of Proteus mirabilis. Salmonella, staphylococcus, enteropathogenic types of E. coli, larvae and pupae of synanthropic flies, eggs and larvae of helminths, intestinal pathogenic protozoa cysts were not found. To equalize the physico-chemical composition of the fermented material, crushed corrugated cardboard was added in the ratio (4.5:1). The resulting mixture corresponds to a humidity of 64 ± 0.36%, a pH of 7.2 ± 0.25, a carbon-nitrogen balance of 21:1, and a density of 700 ± 0.70 kg/m3. As a result of experimental studies, a steady course of mesophilic biothermic processes was recorded: 34 ± 3°C, the maximum temperature of 36 ± 1°C was reached on the 5th day of fermentation. After 7 days, the experimental substrate was unloaded. A decrease in the coliforms index to acceptable limits (1–9) and a tenfold decrease in the enterococcus index (100) were found, however, exceeding this indicator and the presence of Proteus mirabilis does not allow us to assert the safety of the obtained substrate for use as an organic fertilizer.