Риси індивідуального стилю Ж.-Б. Форкере (на матеріалі творів для клавесина)

Abstract

Research objective. The aim of the work is to determine main features of J.-B. Forqueray’s style and to define the tendencies of the middle XVIII century French harpsichord music through the comprehensive study of the harpsichord suites by J.-B. Forqueray. The methodology. The research is based on historical and cultural method, system analysis and method of genre analysis which gives us an opportunity of making a Forqueray’s suites complex analysis. The scientific novelty. It is the first time ever 5 suites for harpsichord by J.-B. Forqueray became the subject of complex research. It is the first time in Ukrainian musicology when a complex analysis of 5 suites by J.-B. Forqueray is made; their specific characteristics are determined based on comparison with the 1st half of XVIII century’s harpsichord works; the main genre-style parallels are defined. Conclusions. During the research we analyzed the 5 harpsichord suites by J.-B.Forqueray and defined the characteristic features of his composer style. An important phenomenon that is common among all the pieces is the connection between the sound, performing techniques and bow strokes of viola da gamba for which the prototypes of harpsichord suites were created. The suites demonstrate vast amount of music phenomena, genres and characters. The most important achievements of French instrumental music are reflected in Forqueray's creation. Indeed, Forqueray's pieces demonstrate the use of harpsichord lute style and its attribute style brisé. Besides, wide range of pieces reveal Forqueray's favour of spectacle which gives us a reason to draw a parallel with French dramatic arts, opera etc. There are also pieces that considering their composing principles and the importance of a chord remind us of an unmeasured prelude. It is interesting to notice that despite the French tradition of style brisé Forqueray sometimes tends to display all the vertical mismatches in scores as accurately as possible. There is also a connection between Forqueray's works and Italian instrumental music. The number of pieces demonstrate a composition resemblance with Italian sonata. And there are also pieces that give us a reason to compare their rhythmic, harmonic and composition aspects to those of D. Scarlatti`s. Also, the use of some Spanish dances formulas allows us to draw a parallel to Scarlatti`s sonatas.