ПРОСТОРОВО-ЧАСОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРУКТУРИ СУЧАСНИХ САДОВО-ПАРКОВИХ ЛАНДШАФТІВ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОЇ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The spatial and temporal analysis of the formation of the structure of garden-park landscapes of the Right-Bank Ukraine on the example of the National Dendrology Park “Sofiyivka” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Alexandria Dendrological Park the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sinitsky Park of Cherkassy region, Nemirovsky Park, Sokiletsky and Pechersk parks of Vinnitsa region were done in the article. The emphasis was placed on the spatial location of Right-Bank Ukraine, the peculiarities of natural conditions and the diversity of natural landscapes, which determined the attractiveness of the territory for its development by different peoples and ethnic groups. The boundary of the situation led to the interaction and overlay of Western European and Eastern European cultures, the material expression of which are garden-park landscapes. Garden-park landscapes are a special group of anthropogenic landscapes, which are composed of natural and technical blocks. The features of the technical block are determined not only by the natural conditions of the territory but also by the culture of the organization and creation of the garden-park landscapes that is characteristic of the corresponding historical period. It was noted that in the landscape structure of the old garden-park landscapes, there are a river, floodplain, sloping and watershed types of areas that are typical for the research area. Formation, functioning and development of gardens and parks are associated with the peculiarities of the socio-economic and historical development of the territory. The river-floodplain type of terrain is represented by tracts of rivers, ponds, islands, levelling surfaces, occupied by meadow vegetation. Mostly, the tracts of this type of terrain are complicated by such landscape-technical systems as bridges and dams. On average, the river-floodplain type of terrain accounts for 10 to 20% of the area of the garden park landscape. The sloping type of terrain includes a variety of simple and complex tracts with steep slopes of 50 to steep sloping walls. Busy, mostly, parked plantations and ray fields. Landscape-technical systems are represented by different types of stairs. This type of terrain accounts for the largest share of a garden-park landscape – from 60% to 90%. This fact is connected with the specifics of the organization of garden-park landscapes within the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine. Watershed type of terrain is represented by tracts of weakly wavy surfaces. It includes a park building, which is represented by various buildings. Regardless of the landscape style of planning the territory, within the limits of the water-type type of terrain, there are regular elements of the organization of the territory – they are alleys, parterals, bosqueets, etc. Up to 20% of the area of the landscape garden landscape belongs to the tract of the watershed type of terrain. It was concluded that most of the garden-parf landscapes of Right-bank Ukraine are now in poor condition. In order to preserve and improve the modern structure of garden-park landscapes, the following measures should be taken: to significantly expand their areas and improve the functioning of the infrastructure elements; to regulate the boundaries of garden-park landscapes and to pay more attention to their paragenetic and paradigmatic interconnections with the surrounding territories: to clearly outline the role and significance of existing and future garden-park landscapes in the structure of regional ecosystems.