산둥 문화대혁명 속 파벌형성의 원인과 양상 — ‘산둥대학 마오쩌둥주의 홍위병’의 부침 —

Abstract

This study is aimed at analyzing the cause of factional formation in Shandong Province during the Cultural Revolution, focusing on the Shandong University Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards(山東大學毛澤東主義紅衛兵) that communicated directly with the Central Cultural Revolution Group(CCRG).<BR> The student rebellions could organize the Red Guards under the CCRG. Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards gradually gained the upper hand over the conservatives through the support of central politics and started directly guiding the laborers and farmers. At first, they took lead in uniting the rebel Red Guards against the conservative Red guards and the Shandong Province Committee. But after overthrowing the enemy, they changed their position and took exclusive control of power. The feeling of superiority and inferiority among the Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards split not only the rebel Red Guards but the laborers and farmers under their lead into Pro-Shandong University and Anti-Shandong University.<BR> Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards came close to seizing power but it was impeded by the Anti-Shandong University members and Shandong Province party officers. In the end, Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards were defeated due to a military intervention by the Jinan Military Region, with Wang Xiaoyu on their side. However, The regrouping of conservatives led to the reunion of the rebels so the Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards was able to reestablish the power of the Shandong University. After the dismantling of the conservatives, the Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards sought to recover their reputation. In the end, the Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards disbanded due to attacks from the Revolutionary Committees and Anti-Shandong University members.