Етичне та ірраціональне в ліро-епічній пісні (на прикладі народних балад)

Abstract

The love in the Ukrainian folk ballad is the center of the axiological model, associated with the concepts of “care”, “tenderness”, “warmth”, “joy” and so on. At the same time, this feeling often appears in antinomies, as it can become a powerful destructive force, shattering destinies and entire worlds. The aim of the work is to clarify the dialectic of ethical and irrational in Ukrainian ballads about love and premarital relationships, family life. Among the tasks: to trace the opposition structure of the concept of “love”; to find out the dialectic of the ethical and the irrational in the folk ballad. The vital meaning of the subject is characterized by certain conceptual features: the desire to achieve love, to have a loved one, to give happiness, to die for love, to fight with the world for their feelings, to know the essence of love, to expose indifference to recklessness. Carelessness as a human defect that causes tragedy appears in several realities of the song. Love in the dramatic boundaries of the work becomes not only the world but also the universe. With the death of a loved one does not come the death of love, because a stressful situation exacerbates these feelings, and partially manifests them in the human mind. Textual analysis of ballads reveals that often in life love is associated with a change of ideas, life meanings of the subject, a state of spiritual confusion. Love is distinguished by ambivalence: through suffering or hopelessness it turns into hatred. You can draw the same parallels by exploring the existence of love in folk ballads. The antinomy of the individual and the social in the studied lyrical songs is manifested at the level of a special human reality. Important concepts of “boon”, “care”, “mercy” are taken beyond positive emotional perception: the power of love becomes another force. On the example of such ballads we can trace the realization of educational and psychological functions: to encourage rethinking of the act, to teach a person to love the world and other people with true love, to help in spiritual growth. The ambivalence of love is manifested even at the level of poetic structuring of the text. Even this oppositional structure of the concept of «love», represented in the ballad, confirms the indirect discursive orientation of folklore on the model of the anthropological model, which is structured according to the system of values of the Ukrainian ethnic group. The essential assessment of an event or character of a folklore work, presented at the level of recognition – denial, contributes to the assertion of axiological constants: love in harmony, spiritual unity, mutual aid, tenderness and care as a synthesis of ethical and rational, goodness and beauty can bring this feeling to the horizon of majesty and eternity. Thus, in a folk ballad, the folklore image of a loved one is revealed at the level of cognitive activity of the society and the whole ethnic group.