ЭКСПЕРТИЗА НАДЕЖНОСТИ ЗУБЧАТЫХ ПЕРЕДАЧ ГРУЗОПОДЪЕМНЫХ КРАНОВ МОРСКИХ ПОРТОВ И ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ТЕРМИНАЛОВ

Abstract

With a significant variety of drives in hoisting-and-transport machines of cyclic action, gears are most often used, which is explained by their high load-carrying capacity, reliability of gears, compactness, lower cost and lower operating costs. The use of gears in major units and mechanisms of lifting machines requires a special approach to the assessment of their performance. The required regulatory and technical documents have been studied and systematized. Analysis of the current regulatory and technical documents on the lifting and transport vehicles justified that some types of wear that can cause damage or accidents to expensive components are not registered in these documents. Based on the results of the examination of industrial safety of a variety of objects, there have been made efforts to systematize defects and develop approaches to complement existing regulatory documents. Wear or minor damage to the gear pair is a natural consequence of the mechanism operation. The most serious problem facing the expert is the assessment of the mechanism residual life. So, it is important to know further dynamics of metal destruction. Defects may be similar, but the prediction of the dynamics of destruction requires an assessment of the material state. Quantitative indicators of metal fatigue are recommended to include in the criteria for assessing the state of transmission gear. It has been proposed to replace a number of subjective expert methods of checking the quality and safety of gear teeth. Taking into account domestic and foreign experience in the operation of gears of hoisting-and-transport machines, in order to analyze the safety of gears of cranes that are in operation before they have reached the limit state, it has been proposed to apply a coefficient characterizing the sensitivity of the material to stress concentration and the influence of the scale factor. There have been considered and illustrated examples of gear defects on the cranes of “Astrakhan Builder” JSC, port “Development”, etc.